Taxonomy of the Euphorbiaceae

Here is a full taxonomy of the family Euphorbiaceae, according to the most recent molecular research . This complex family previously comprising 5 subfamilies: the Acalyphoideae, the Crotonoideae, the Euphorbioideae, the Phyllanthoideae and the Oldfieldioideae. The 3 first ones are uni-ovulate families while the 2 last one are bi-ovulate.

Now the Euphorbiaceae has been split into 5 families: The 3 uni-ovulate subfamilies have become the Euphorbiaceae in the strict sense, with the tribe Galearieae in the Acalyphoideae forming the most of the family Pandaceae.^[1] Part of the bi-ovulate subfamily Phyllanthoideae has become the family Phyllanthaceae,^[1] with the tribe Drypeteae as family Putranjivaceae^[1] and the tribe Centroplaceae part of the Pandaceae. The other bi-ovulate subfamily Oldfieldioideae has become the Picrodendraceae.^[1]

Contents 1 Subfamily Acalyphoideae 1.1 Tribe Acalypheae 1.2 Tribe Adelieae 1.3 Tribe Agrostistachydeae 1.4 Tribe Alchorneae 1.5 Tribe Ampereae 1.6 Tribe Bernardieae 1.7 Tribe Caryodendreae 1.8 Tribe Chaetocarpeae 1.9 Tribe Cheiloseae 1.10 Tribe Chrozophoreae 1.11 Tribe Clutieae 1.12 Tribe Dicoelieae 1.13 Tribe Epiprineae 1.14 Tribe Erismantheae 1.15 Tribe Omphaleae 1.16 Tribe Pereae 1.17 Tribe Plukenetieae 1.18 Tribe Pogonophoreae 1.19 Tribe Pycnocomeae 1.20 Tribe Sphyranthereae 2 Subfamily Crotonoideae 2.1 Tribe Adenoclineae 2.2 Tribe Aleuritideae 2.3 Tribe Codiaeae 2.4 Tribe Crotoneae 2.5 Tribe Elateriospermeae 2.6 Tribe Gelonieae 2.7 Tribe Jatropheae 2.8 Tribe Manihoteae 2.9 Tribe Micrandreae 2.10 Tribe Ricinocarpeae 2.11 Tribe Ricinodendreae 2.12 Tribe Trigonostemoneae 3 Subfamily Euphorbioideae 3.1 Tribe Euphorbieae 3.2 Tribe Hippomaneae 3.3 Tribe Hureae 3.4 Tribe Pachystromateae 3.5 Tribe Stomatocalyceae 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Subfamily Acalyphoideae

Tribe Acalypheae

There are 12 subtribes and 32 genera:

Subtribe Acalyphinae

Acalypha (also Acalyphes, Acalyphopsis, Calyptrospatha, Caturus, Corythea, Cupameni, Galurus, Gymnalypha, Linostachys, Mercuriastrum, Odonteilema, Paracelsea, Ricinocarpus, Schizogyne, Usteria)

Subtribe Adrianinae

Adriana (also Meialisa, Trachycaryon)

Subtribe Claoxylinae

Claoxylon (also Erythrochilus, Erythrochylus)

Claoxylopsis

Discoclaoxylon

Erythrococca (also Athroandra, Autrandra, Chloropatane, Deflersia, Poggeophyton, Rivinoides)

Micrococca

Subtribe Cleidiinae

Cleidion (also Lasiostyles, Psilostachys, Redia, Tetraglossa)

Sampantaea

Wetria (also Pseudotrewia)

Subtribe Dysopsidinae

Dysopsis (also Mirabellia, Molina)

Subtribe Lasiococcinae

Clonostylis

Homonoia (also called Haematospermum, Lumanaja])

Lasiococca

Spathiostemon (also Polydragma)

Subtribe Lobaniliinae

Lobanilia

Subtribe Macaranginae

Macaranga (also Adenoceras, Mappa, Mecostylis, Pachystemon, Panopia, Phocea, Tanarius)

Subtribe Mareyinae

Mareya

Mareyopsis

Subtribe Mercurialinae

Mercurialis (also Cynocrambe, Discoplis, Synema)

Leidesia

Seidelia

Subtribe Ricininae

Ricinus - castor bean

Subtribe Rottlerinae

Avellanita

Coccoceras

Cordemoya (also Boutonia)

Deuteromallotus

Mallotus (also Aconceveibum, Axenfeldia, Coelodiscus, Diplochlamys, Echinocroton, Echinus, Hancea, Lasipana, Plagianthera, Rottlera,Stylanthus)

Neotrewia

Octospermum

Rockinghamia

Trewia (also Canschi, Trevia)

Tribe Adelieae

There are 5 genera:

Adelia (also Ricinella)

Crotonogynopsis

Enriquebeltrania (also Beltrania)

Lasiocroton

Leucocroton

Tribe Agrostistachydeae

There are 4 genera:

Agrostistachys (also Heterocalyx, Sarcoclinium)

Chondrostylis (also Kunstlerodendron)

Cyttaranthus

Pseudagrostistachys

Tribe Alchorneae

There are 2 subtribes and 7 genera:

Subtribe Alchorneinae

Alchornea (also Bleekeria, Cladodes, Hermesia, Lepidoturus, Schousboea, Stipellaria)

Aparisthmium

Bocquillonia (also Ramelia)

Orfilea (also Diderotia, Laurembergia)

Subtribe Conceveibinae

Conceveiba (also Conceveibastrum, Conceveibum, Veconcibea)

Gavarretia

Polyandra

Tribe Ampereae

There are 2 genera:

Amperea (also Leptomeria)

Monotaxis (also Hippocrepandra, Reissipa)

Tribe Bernardieae

There are 6 genera:

Adenophaedra

Amyrea

Bernardia (also Alevia, Bernarda, Bernhardia, Bivonia, Passaea, Phaedra, Polyboea, Traganthus, Tyria)

Discocleidion

Necepsia (also Neopalissya, Palissya)

Paranecepsia

Tribe Caryodendreae

There are 3 genera:

Alchorneopsis

Caryodendron (also Centrodiscus)

Discoglypremna

Tribe Chaetocarpeae

This tribe has 2 genera:

Chaetocarpus (also Gaedawakka, Mettenia, Neochevaliera, Regnaldia)

Trigonopleura (also Peniculifera)

Tribe Cheiloseae

There are 2 genera:

Cheilosa

Neoscortechinia (also Alcineanthus, Scortechinia)

Tribe Chrozophoreae

This tribe has 4 subtribes and 12 genera:

Subtribe Chrozophorinae

Chrozophora (also Crossophora, Crozophora, Ricinoides, Tournesol, Tournesolia)

Subtribe Ditaxinae

Argythamnia (also Argithamnia, Argothamnia, Argyrothamnia, Argytamnia, Odotalon, Serophyton)

Caperonia (also Acanthopyxis, Androphoranthus, Cavanilla, Lepidococea, Meterana)

Chiropetalum (also Aonikena, Desfontaena, Desfontaina, Desfontainea)

Ditaxis (also Aphora, Paxiuscula, Stenonia)

Philyra (also Phyllera)

Subtribe Doryxylinae

Doryxylon (also Mercadoa, Sumbavia)

Melanolepis

Sumbaviopsis (also Adisa, Adisca)

Thyrsanthera

Subtribe Speranskiinae

Speranskia

Tribe Clutieae

Clutia (also Altora, Cluytia, Clytia)

Tribe Dicoelieae

This tribe has one genus:

Dicoelia

Tribe Epiprineae

There are 2 subtribes and 9 genera:

Subtribe Epiprininae

Adenochlaena (also Niedenzua, Centrostylis)

Cephalocroton

Cephalocrotonopsis

Cladogynos (also Adenogynum, Baprea, Chloradenia)

Cleidiocarpon (also Sinopimelodendron)

Epiprinus

Koilodepas (also Caelodepas, Calpigyne, Coelodepas, Nephrostylus)

Symphyllia

Subtribe Cephalomappinae

Cephalomappa (also Muricococcum)

Tribe Erismantheae

There are 3 genera:

Erismanthus

Moultonianthus

Syndyophyllum

Tribe Omphaleae

This tribe only has 1 genus:

Omphalea (also Duchola, Hebecocca, Hecatea, Neomphalea, Omphalandria, Ronnowia)

Tribe Pereae

There is only 1 genus:

Pera

Tribe Plukenetieae

There are 3 subtribes and 13 genera:

Subtribe Dalechampiinae

Dalechampia (also Cremophyllum, Dalechampsia, Megalostylis, Rhopalostylis)

Subtribe Plukenetiinae

Angostylis (also Angostyles)

Astrococcus

Plukenetia (also Accia, Angostylidium, Apopandra, Botryanthe, Ceratococcus, Elaeophora, Eleutherostigma, Fragariopsis, Hedraiostylus, Pseudotragia, Pterococcus, Sajorium, Tetracarpidium or Vigia)

Haematostemon

Romanoa (also Anabaena, Anabaenella)

Subtribe Tragiinae

Acidoton (also Durandeeldia, Gitara)

Cnesmone (also Cenesmon, Cnesmosa)

Megistostigma (also Clavistylus)

Pachystylidium

Platygyna (also Acanthocaulon)

Sphaerostylis

Tragia (also Agirta, Allosandra, Bia, Ctenomeria, Lassia, Leptobotrys, Leptorhachis, Leucandra, Schorigeram, Zuckertia)

Tribe Pogonophoreae

This tribe only has 1 genus:

Pogonophora (also Poraresia)

Tribe Pycnocomeae

There are 2 subtribes and 7 genera:

Subtribe Blumeodendrinae

Blumeodendron

Botryophora (also Botryospora, Botryphora)

Podadenia

Ptychopyxis (also Clarorivinia)

Subtribe Pycnocominae

Argomuellera (also Neopycnocoma, Wetriaria)

Droceloncia

Pycnocoma (also Comopyena)

Tribe Sphyranthereae

There is only 1 genus:

Sphyranthera

Subfamily Crotonoideae

Tribe Adenoclineae

There are 2 subtribes and 6 genera:

Subtribe Adenoclininae

Adenocline (also Adenoclina, Diplostylis, Paradenocline)

Ditta

Glycydendron

Klaineanthus

Tetrorchidium (also Hasskarlia, Tetrorchidiopsis)

Subtribe Endosperminae

Endospermum (also Capellenia)

Tribe Aleuritideae

This tribe has 6 subtribes and 16 genera:

Subtribe Aleuritinae

Aleurites (also Camirium)

Reutealis

Vernicia (also Ambinux, Dryandra, Elaeococca)

Subtribe Benoistiinae

Benoistia

Subtribe Crotonogyninae

Crotonogyne (also Neomanniophyton)

Cyrtogonone

Manniophyton

Subtribe Garciinae

Garcia (also called Carcia)

Subtribe Grosserinae

Anomalocalyx

Cavacoa

Grossera

Neoholstia (also Holstia)

Sandwithia

Tannodia (also Domohinea)

Tapoides

Subtribe Neoboutoniinae

Neoboutonia

Tribe Codiaeae

There are 15 genera:

Acidocroton

Baliospermum

Baloghia (also Steigeria)

Blachia (also Deonia)

Codiaeum (also Crozophyla, Junghuhnia, Phyllaurea, Synaspisma)

Colobocarpos

Dimorphocalyx

Dodecastigma

Fontainea

Hylandia

Ophellantha

Ostodes

Pantadenia

Sagotia

Strophioblachia

Tribe Crotoneae

There are 5 genera:

Brasiliocroton

Croton (also Agelandra, Aldinia, Angelandra, Anisepta, Anisophyllum, Argyra, Argyrodendron, Astraea, Astrogyne, Aubertia, Banalia, Barhamia, Brachystachys, Calypteriopetalon, Cascarilla, Centrandra, Cieca, Cleodora, Codonocalyx, Comatocroton, Crotonanthus, Crotonopsis, Cyclostigma, Decarinium, Drepadenium, Eluteria, Engelmannia, Eremocarpus, Eutrophia, Friesia, Furcaria, Geiseleria, Gynamblosis, Halecus, Hendecandas, Heptallon, Heterochlamys, Heterocroton, Julocroton, Klotzschiphytum, Kurkas, Lasiogyne, Leptemon, Leucadenia, Luntia, Macrocroton, Medea, Merleta, Monguia, Myriogomphus, Ocalia, Oxydectes, Palanostigma, Penteca, Pilinophyton, Piscaria, Pleopadium, Podostachys, Saipania, Schradera, Semilta, Tiglium, Timandra, Tridesmis, Triplandra, Vandera)

Mildbraedia (also Neojatropha, Plesiatropha)

Moacroton (also Cubacroton)

Paracroton (also Desmostemon, Fahrenheitia)

Tribe Elateriospermeae

This tribe only has 1 genus:

Elateriospermum (also Elaterioides, Elaterispermum)

Tribe Gelonieae

This tribe has 2 genera:

Cladogelonium

Suregada (also Ceratophorus, Erythrocarpus, Gelonium, Owataria)

Tribe Jatropheae

There are 8 genera:

Annesijoa

Deutzianthus

Jatropha (also Adenorhopium, Adenoropium, Castiglionia, Collenucia, Curcas, Jatropa, Loureira, Mesandrinia, Mozinna, Zimapania)

Joannesia (also Anda, Andicus)

Leeuwenbergia

Loerzingia

Oligoceras

Vaupesia

Tribe Manihoteae

This tribe has 2 genera:

Cnidoscolus (also Bivonea, Jussieuia, Mandioca, Victorinia) - spurge nettle

Manihot (also Hotnima, Janipha, Manihotoides)

Tribe Micrandreae

There are 2 subtribes and 4 genera:

Subtribe Heveinae

Hevea (also Caoutchoua, Micrandra, Siphonanthus, Siphonia)

Subtribe Micrandrinae

Cunuria

Micrandra (also Clusiophyllum, Pogonophyllum)

Micrandropsis

Tribe Ricinocarpeae

There are 2 subtribes and 7 genera:

Subtribe Bertyinae

Bertya (also Lambertya)

Borneodendron

Cocconerion

Myricanthe

Subtribe Ricinocarpinae

Alphandia

Beyeria (also Beyeriopsis, Calyptrostigma, Clavipodium)

Ricinocarpus (also Echinosphaera, Ricinocarpus, Roeperia)

Tribe Ricinodendreae

There are 2 genera:

Ricinodendron

Schinziophyton

Tribe Trigonostemoneae

There is only 1 genus:

Trigonostemon (also Actephilopsis, Athroisma, Enchidium, Kurziodendron, Neotrigonostemon, Nepenthandra, Poilaniella, Prosartema, Silvaea, Telogyne, Tritaxis, Tylosepalum)

Subfamily Euphorbioideae

Tribe Euphorbieae

This tribe has 3 subtribes and 6 genera:

Subtribe Anthosteminae

Anthostema

Dichostemma

Subtribe Euphorbiinae

Cubanthus (to be transferred to Euphorbia)

Euphorbia (also Ademo, Adenopetalum, Adenorima, Agaloma, Aklema, Alectoroctonum, Allobia, Anisophyllum, Anthacantha, Aplarina, Arthrothamnus, Bojeria, Ceraselma, Chamaesyce, Characias, Chylogala, Crepidaria, Ctenadena, Cyathophora, Cystidospermum, Dactylanthes, Dematra, Desmonema, Diadenaria, Dichrophyllum, Dichylium, Diplocyathium, Ditritra, Elaeophorbia, Endadenium, Endoisila, Epurga, Esula, Euforbia, Eumecanthus, Euphorbiastrum, Euphorbiodendron, Euphorbiopsis, Euphorbium, Galarhoeus, Hexadenia, Kanopikon, Kobiosis, Lacanthis, Lathyris, Lepadena, Leptopus, Lophobios, Lortia, Lyciopsis, Medusea, Monadenium, Nisomenes, Ossifraga, Peccana, Pedilanthus, Petalandra, Pleuradena, Poinsettia, Pythius, Sclerocyathium, Stenadenium, Sterigmanthe, Synadenium, Tithymaloides, Tithymalopsis, Tithymalus, Torfasadis, Treisia, Tricherostigma, Trichosterigma, Tumalis, Vallaris, Ventenatia, Xamesike, Zalitea, Zygophyllidium)

Subtribe Neoguillauminiinae

Calycopeplus

Neoguillauminia

Tribe Hippomaneae

This tribe has 2 subtribes and 33 genera:

Subtribe Carumbiinae

Omalanthus (also Carumbium, Dibrachion, Dibrachium, Duania, Wartmannia)

Subtribe Hippomaninae

Actinostemon (also Dactylostemon)

Adenopeltis

Anomostachys

Balakata

Bonania (also Hypocoton)

Colliguaja

Conosapium

Dalembertia (also Alcoceria)

Dendrocousinsia

Dendrothrix

Ditrysinia

Duvigneaudia

Excoecaria (also Commia, Glyphostylus)

Falconeria

Grimmeodendron

Gymnanthes (also Adenogyne, Ateramnus)

Hippomane (also Mancanilla, Mancinella)

Mabea

Maprounea (also Aegopicron, Aegopricon, Aegopricum)

Neoshirakia (also Shirakia)

Pleradenophora

Pseudosenefeldera

Rhodothyrsus

Sapium (also Carumbium, Gymnobothrys, Sapiopsis, Seborium, Shirakiopsis, Stillingfleetia, Taeniosapium) - Chinese tallow

Sclerocroton

Sebastiania (also Clonostachys, Cnemidostachys, Elachocroton, Gussonia, Microstachys, Sarothrostachys, Tragiopsis)

Senefeldera

Senefelderopsis

Spegazziniophytum

Spirostachys

Stillingia (also Gymnostillingia)

Triadica

Tribe Hureae

There are 4 genera:

Algernonia

Hura

Ophthalmoblapton

Tetraplandra (also Dendrobryon)

Tribe Pachystromateae

There is one genus:

Pachystroma (also Acantholoma)

Tribe Stomatocalyceae

There are 2 subtribes and 4 genera:

Subtribe Hamilcoinae

Hamilcoa

Nealchornea

Subtribe Stomatocalycinae

Pimelodendron (also Stomatocalyx)

Plagiostyles

See also

• Cultivated plant taxonomy
• Taxonomy of the Phyllanthaceae
• Taxonomy of the Picrodendraceae

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Wurdack, K. J.; Hoffmann, P.; Chase, M. W. (2005), "Molecular phylogenetic analysis of uniovulate Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae sensu stricto) using plastid RBCL and TRNL-F DNA sequences", American Journal of Botany 92: 1397, doi:10.3732/ajb.92.8.1397, PMID 21646159 

External links

• Taxonomy of the Euphorbiaceae from NPGS/GRIN